Loss of gut microbial diversity,,,,–in industrial populations is associated with chronic
diseases, underscoring the importance of studying our ancestral gut microbiome. However …

Research on ancient and forensic DNA is related in many ways, and the two fields must deal
with similar obstacles. Therefore, communication between these two communities has the …

The last century has witnessed progress in the study of ancient infectious disease from
purely medical descriptions of past ailments to dynamic interpretations of past population …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health
problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV …

Summary The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic
pastoralists, including the **ongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the …

Background Dental calculus, calcified oral plaque biofilm, contains microbial and host
biomolecules that can be used to study historic microbiome communities and host …

The prevalence of chronic, non-communicable diseases has risen sharply in recent
decades, especially in industrialized countries. While several studies implicate the …

Archaeological dental calculus, or mineralized plaque, is a key tool to track the evolution of
oral microbiota across time in response to processes that impacted our culture and biology …

High-throughput DNA sequencing enables large-scale metagenomic analyses of complex
biological systems. Such analyses are not restricted to present-day samples and can also be …

Background Dental calculus (mineralised dental plaque) preserves many types of
microfossils and biomolecules, including microbial and host DNA, and ancient calculus are …