Chronic, pathological pain remains a global health problem and a challenge to basic and
clinical sciences. A major obstacle to preventing, treating, or reverting chronic pain has been …

Chronic pain states are highly prevalent and yet poorly controlled by currently available
analgesics, representing an enormous clinical, societal, and economic burden. Existing pain …

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial surface receptor
genetically linked to the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A proteolytic product, soluble …

Astrocytes play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and are regulatory elements of neuronal
and synaptic physiology. Astrocytic alterations have been found in Major Depressive …

GABA interneurons play a critical role in higher brain functions. Astrocytic glial cells interact
with synapses throughout the whole brain and are recognized as regulatory elements of …

The amygdala is a limbic brain region that plays a key role in emotional processing,
neuropsychiatric disorders, and the emotional‐affective dimension of pain. Preclinical and …

Dysregulation of pain neurocircuitry and neurochemistry has been increasingly recognized
as playing a critical role in a diverse spectrum of diseases including migraine, fibromyalgia …

Pain has a strong emotional component and is defined by its unpleasantness. Chronic pain
represents a complex disorder with anxio-depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits …

Astrocytes play important roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Despite in vitro
evidence, their causal contribution to cortical network activity and sensory information …

The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been recognized as a key cortical area for
nociceptive modulation. However, the underlying neural pathway and the function of specific …