This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth
System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1 …

The global demand for food and bioenergy changes associated with land use and land
cover change (LULCC) has raised concerns about the environment, global warming, and …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Amazonia hosts the Earth's largest tropical forests and has been shown to be an important
carbon sink over recent decades,–. This carbon sink seems to be in decline, however, as a …

This study presents the global climate model IPSL‐CM6A‐LR developed at Institut Pierre‐
Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and …

We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …

Abstract The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) is a global model
developed to simulate historical climate change and variability, to make centennial-scale …

Land cover and climate monitoring is a crucial task in agriculture, forestry, hazard
management, and ecosystems assessment. In this paper, normalized difference vegetation …

Salt marshes are highly productive intertidal wetlands providing important ecological
services for maintaining coastal biodiversity, buffering against oceanic storms, and acting as …

A new version of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator coupled
model, ACCESS-CM2, has been developed for a wide range of climate modelling research …