The sustainability of energy and food supplies has come to represent a major concern
throughout the world today. Greenhouse cultivation, an intensive food-production system …

Humans have a close relationship with nature, and so integrating the nature world into
indoor space could effectively increase people's engagement with nature, and this in turn …

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory developed the National Solar Radiation
Database to provide accessible solar radiation data to the research community for various …

Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) over the course of a 24-h period on an overcast
day (left) compared with a sunny day (right) as measured by a quantum sensor. The four …

Supplemental lighting in greenhouses is often needed for year-round production of high-
quality crops. However, the electricity needed for supplemental lighting can account for a …

Vertical farming is increasingly popular due to high yields obtained from a small land area.
However, the energy cost associated with lighting of vertical farms is high. To reduce this …

Two investigations were conducted to determine the morphological and physiological
impacts of varying light and substrate water levels on Heuchera americana 'Dale's …

Based on the current trend towards broad-bandwidth LED light spectra for basil productions
in multi-tiered controlled-environment horticulture, a recently developed white broad …

Variegated foliage plants are often used in interiorsca** in low light environments. The
changes in leaf morphology and coloration of two variegated foliage plants, english ivy …

Photosynthetic responses to light are dependent on light intensity, vary among species, and
can be affected by acclimation to different light environments (eg, light intensity, spectrum …