Proteins can be the root cause of a disease, and they can be used to cure it. The need to
identify these critical actors was recognized early (1951) by Sanger; the first biopolymer …

Ubiquitylation is a critical post-translational modification that controls a wide variety of
processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin chains of different topologies are specialized for different …

Lactylation was initially discovered on human histones. Given its nascence, its occurrence
on nonhistone proteins and downstream functional consequences remain elusive. Here we …

Post-translational modification (PTM) of antigens provides an additional source of
specificities targeted by immune responses to tumors or pathogens, but identifying antigen …

Current methods to detect post-translational modifications of proteins, such as phosphate
groups, cannot measure single molecules or differentiate between closely spaced …

Connexins are ubiquitous channel forming proteins that assemble as plasma membrane
hemichannels and as intercellular gap junction channels that directly connect cells. In the …

Increasing attention has been given to secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the past
decades, especially in the portrayal of their molecular cargo and role as messengers in both …

Biological mass spectrometry (MS) encompasses a range of methods for characterizing
proteins and other biomolecules. MS is uniquely powerful for the structural analysis of …

Disulfide bridges in peptides and proteins play an essential role in maintaining their
conformation, structural integrity, and consequently function. Despite ongoing efforts, it is still …

Phosphorylation is one of the quickest post-translational modifications that controls
downstream signaling pathways regulating processes like cell proliferation, survival, and …