In school buildings, especially learning spaces, good daylight and thermal conditions are
important to promote the educational process, as unsatisfactory comfort levels can reduce …

The circular economy (CE) aims to decouple the growth of the economy from the
consumption of finite resources through strategies, such as eliminating waste, circulating …

The energy consumption, daylighting, and thermal comfort of buildings directly affect the
three key goals of residents. However, there is little research on the optimization of energy …

Energy consumption of and carbon emissions from buildings, which substantially depend on
outdoor climate conditions, may be susceptible to future climate change. However, how …

During the last few years, multi-objective optimization processes have become one of the
main challenges for energy efficiency in buildings. In this work, a new efficient multi …

The building envelope design parameters including windows, apertures, shading, and
materials have a significant interactive impact on the performance of a building. However …

With the increasing demand for sustainable design and green buildings, building
performance is having a greater influence on design decisions. Design decisions on …

One of the top priorities in the building design process is minimizing energy consumption.
Moreover, the level of occupants' comfort directly affects their learning ability Therefore, this …

Introduction Adaptive reuse in heritage buildings is the best strategy rather than demolishing
and reconstructing, while the suggested retrofitting has severe constraints to preserve …

Visual and thermal comfort for occupants significantly depend on exterior environmental
climatic conditions, which are continuously changing. In particular, optimizing visual and …