Abstract Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) encompasses the combined application of
single technologies or multiple tools in integrated systems for real-time and individual …

Simple Summary Monitoring the welfare of cattle and sheep in large pastures can be time-
consuming, especially if the animals are scattered over large areas in semi-natural pastures …

The accurate and reliable counting of animals in quadcopter acquired imagery is one of the
most promising but challenging tasks in intelligent livestock management in the future. In this …

Modality is a source or form of information. Through various modal information, humans can
perceive the world from multiple perspectives. Simultaneously, the observation of remote …

Recent technological advances have led to an increase in the carbon footprint. Energy
efficiency in the Internet of Things (IoT) has been attracting a lot of attention from researchers …

With the rapid development of society and the economy, an increasing number of human
activities have gradually destroyed the marine environment. Marine environment monitoring …

The advent of agricultural robotics research worldwide has brought substantial improvement
for various applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of published research …

Health monitoring of dairy cattle plays a vital role for increasing the dairy products supply
worldwide. Nowadays farmers are showing less interest in dairy sector as animals are …

In the past decade, ecologists have witnessed vast improvements in our ability to collect
animal movement data through animal-borne technology, such as through GPS or ARGOS …

In the 4.5 decades since Altmann (1974) published her seminal paper on the methods for
the observational study of behaviour, automated detection and analysis of social interaction …