One of the most contentious areas of Earth Science today is when, or whether or not modern-
style plate tectonics was in operation in the Archean Eon. In this review we present evidence …

This work examines the global distribution of Archaean and modern igneous rock's
compositions, without relying on preconceptions about the link between rock compositions …

The lower plate is the dominant agent in modern convergent margins characterized by
active subduction, as negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere sinks into the asthenosphere …

Many geological and geochemical changes are recorded on Earth between 3 and 2 Ga.
Among the more important of these are the following:(1) increasing proportion of basalts with …

This paper presents a reformulation of the submarine alkaline hydrothermal theory for the
emergence of life in response to recent experimental findings. The theory views life, like …

When plate tectonics started to occur on Earth and how it has evolved through time are two
of the most fundamental questions in earth sciences. While gravity-driven subducting has …

The dynamics and evolution of Venus' mantle are of first-order relevance for the origin and
modification of the tectonic and volcanic structures we observe on Venus today. Solid-state …

The formation of the continental crust in the early Earth, and the geodynamics that drove it,
are fundamental to understanding the evolution of our planet, but remain intensely debated …

Complexly deformed rocks that exhibit refolded folds and overprinting planar fabrics are
often interpreted as the result of polyphase deformation and described in a scheme of …

Venus today is inhospitable at the surface, its average temperature of 750 K being
incompatible to the existence of life as we know it. However, the potential for past surface …