Two decades of high-resolution satellite observations and climate modeling studies have
indicated strong ocean–atmosphere coupled feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale …

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews recent progress in understanding of the
North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) and its influence on the timing, magnitude, flavor …

Air–sea interaction at ocean fronts and eddies exhibits positive correlation between sea
surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and heat fluxes out of the ocean, indicating that the …

Abstract The 1925 El Niño (EN) event was the third strongest in the twentieth century
according to its impacts in the far-eastern Pacific (FEP) associated with severe rainfall and …

Over most of the World Ocean, sea surface temperature (SST) is below 26° C and
atmospheric deep convection rarely takes place. Cool ocean–atmosphere interaction is …

Many climatic extremes around the globe, such as severe droughts and floods, can be
attributed to the periodic warming of the equatorial Pacific sea surface, termed the El Niño or …

A linear mixed layer model that skillfully reproduces observed surface winds and
convergence over the tropical oceans is used to examine the relative influence of boundary …

Holocene reconstructions of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provide valuable
perspective on its recent evolution and can be important for assessing its future. Optimal …

Atlantic hurricane variability on decadal and interannual time scales is reconsidered in a
framework based on a leading mode of coupled ocean-atmosphere variability known as the …

The effects of surface wind speed and direction gradients on midlatitude surface vorticity and
divergence fields associated with mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variability …