Objective Pelvic floor muscle tone, which includes active and passive components, is
argued to be increased in many pelvic health conditions, including those involving pain. This …

Introduction The terminology for female and male pelvic floor muscle (PFM) assessment has
expanded considerably since the first PFM function and dysfunction standardization of …

Introduction The assessment of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) overactivity is part of a
comprehensive evaluation including a detailed history (medical, gynecological …

Aim: This study aimed to systematically review which tools and outcome measures have
been used to assess increased tone of PFM in pelvic health conditions. Methods: Databases …

Aim Physiotherapists typically use digital palpation to determine residual tension in a
muscle, referred to as muscle stiffness or tone. These assessments are subjective, and little …

Our main objective was to assess the intraoperator intersession reproducibility of
transperineal ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) to measure the levator ani …

Objective We aimed to investigate changes in the elastic properties of levator ani muscle
(LAM) and external anal sphincter (EAS) during pregnancy using shear wave elastography …

Introduction and hypothesis We hypothesized that shear wave elastography (SWE)
technology might be useful for assessing the elastic properties of the pelvic floor in women …

Objectives The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether elasticity
quantification of the levator ani muscle (LAM) using shear wave elastography (SWE) is …

Aims To discuss the advantages and limitation of the different pelvic floor muscle (PFM)
dynamometers available, both in research and industry, and to present the extent of …