Cigarette smoke (CS) causes considerable morbidity and mortality by inducing cancer,
chronic lung and vascular diseases, and oral disease. Despite the well-recognized risks …

This literature review provides an overview of the current scenario regarding the impact of
smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis; clinical, microbiological and …

An overview of tobacco smoking represents an essential starting point for an issue on lung
cancer. In the absence of tobacco smoking, there would be far fewer cases of lung cancer …

Rationale: Respiratory virus infections are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) exacerbations, but a causative relationship has not been proven. Studies of …

Nicotine is the primary psychoactive substance in tobacco, and it exerts its effects by
interaction with various subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain …

Tobacco smoke residues lingering in the indoor environment, also termed thirdhand smoke
(THS), can be a source of long-term exposure to harmful pollutants. THS composition is …

Objective Smoking impairs wound healing, yet the underlying pathophysiological
mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated tobacco‐altered healing in head and neck surgery …

The human gut microbiota (GM), which consists of a complex and diverse ecosystem of
bacteria, plays a vital role in overall wellness. However, the delicate balance of this intricate …

The number of people who smoke has increased in recent years, and the incidence of
smoking-related diseases increases annually. This study was conducted to explore whether …

Ulceration in the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is a common disorder in humans. It has been
shown that cigarette smoking is closely related to the increase of peptic ulcer and also plays …