Many of the scientific and societal challenges in understanding and preparing for global
environmental change rest upon our ability to understand and predict the water cycle …

The world's coastlines are shaped by mean sea level, wave conditions, storm surge, and
riverflows. Climate change (CC) driven variations in these environmental forcings will …

Seasonal agricultural drought monitoring systems, which rely on satellite remote sensing
and land surface models (LSMs), are important for disaster risk reduction and famine early …

Ensemble forecasting applied to the field of hydrology is currently an established area of
research embracing a broad spectrum of operational situations. This work catalogs the …

Global hydrology has come a long way since the first introduction of the primitive land
surface model of Manabe (1969) and the declaration of the “Emergence of Global …

This first paper of the two‐part series describes the objectives of the community efforts in
improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical …

This paper addresses and documents a number of issues related to the implementation of
an advanced land surface–hydrology model in the Penn State–NCAR fifth-generation …

We present the impact tests that preceded the most recent operational upgrades to the land
surface model used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) mesoscale …

This paper introduces a new terrain model named HAND, and reports on the calibration and
validation of landscape classes representing soil environments in Amazonia, which were …

The augmented Noah land surface model described in the first part of the two‐part series
was evaluated here over global river basins. Across various climate zones, global‐scale …