Aim To evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on long‐term (breast carcinoma, ovarian
carcinoma, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and short‐term (lactational …

Background: Identifying risk factors for breast cancer specific to women in their 40s could
inform screening decisions. Purpose: To determine what factors increase risk for breast …

This text is intended for those who wish to understand the complex relationships between
diet and risks of important diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. It is aimed …

This 2004 volume in the World Health Organization series on histologic and genetic ty**
of human tumors covers tumors of the kidney, urinary system, prostate, testis and …

Background Previous studies have suggested that breast cancer risk factors are associated
with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression status of the tumors …

BACKGROUND: Although childbearing is known to protect against breast cancer, whether
or not breastfeeding contributes to this protective effect is unclear. METHODS: Individual …

The etiology of breast cancer might be explained by 2 mechanisms, namely, differentiation
and proliferation of breast epithelial cells mediated by hormonal factors. We performed a …

Objectives Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are associated with higher breast
cancer risk in observational studies, but ascribing causality is difficult. Mendelian …

Previous studies of families with multiple cases of breast cancer have indicated that a
frameshift alteration in the CHEK2 gene, 1100delC, is associated with an elevated …

There is evidence that transforming growth factor (TGF) β acts as a suppressor of tumor
initiation but also as a promoter of tumor progression when the antiproliferative effect of the …