Electric mobility is emerging all around the world to minimize environmental impacts, reduce
dependency on petroleum, and diversify energy sources for transportation. Any emerging …

The assessment of the criticality of raw materials allows the identification of the likelihood of
a supply disruption of a material and the vulnerability of a system (eg a national economy …

Greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution are major contributors to climate change,
causing harm to both the planet and people. Since transportation is a significant source of …

Cobalt is considered a critical raw material. Global cobalt demand is expected to quadruple
in the next four decades, due primarily to lithium-ion battery demand. Uniquely, this study …

The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is a tool to assess sustainability from a life
cycle perspective, which has been receiving increased attention over the years. This work …

Abstract Purpose Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs recovered from end-of-life electric
vehicles (EV) present potential technological, economic and environmental opportunities for …

Tracking the environmental impacts of production, use, and disposal of products (eg, goods,
and services) have been an important issue in the global economy. Although Life Cycle …

Electronic products are an essential part of modern society, but their importance has
perhaps never been as palpable as when the COVID-19 pandemic forced almost every …

Following the invasion of Ukraine, there is a call to replace Russian gas and oil with green
electric energy. A prime sector subject to electrification is the transportation sector …

Critical materials are resources that are vulnerable to supply disruptions, where those
disruptions can have significant adverse impacts on society. In the coming years, materials …