Metformin (biguanide) is a drug widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This drug
has been used for 60 years as a highly effective antihyperglycemic agent. The search for the …

Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the
pilosebaceous unit leading to formation of painful, inflammatory nodules, abscesses and …

Background Mas gene–related G protein–coupled receptors (MRGPRs) are a G protein–
coupled receptor family responsive to various exogenous and endogenous agonists …

Tissue expansion is a commonly performed therapy to grow extra skin in vivo for
reconstruction. While mechanical stretch-induced epidermal changes have been extensively …

Abstract Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2 or CASPR2) is a neuronal
transmembrane protein of the neurexin superfamily that is involved in many neurological …

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a complex disease, and treated based on underlying
diseases. Emerging evidences suggest that hyperbaric oxygen alleviates neuropathic pain …

Histone acetylation levels can be upregulated by treating cells with histone deacetylase
inhibitors (HDACIs), which can induce autophagy. Autophagy flux in the spinal cord of rats …

Background: Metformin ameliorates non-histamine-mediated itch. We have recently reported
that the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved in chloroquine (CQ)-induced scratching …

Objective Obesity and nutrient oversupply increase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
signaling in multiple cell types and organs, contributing to the onset of insulin resistance and …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a role in various cellular phenomena,
including autophagy, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Although recent studies have …