Defining the appropriate scale over which to conduct a study in the marine environment is
critical to achieving appropriate scientific, management, mitigation and conservation …

Identity signals have been studied for over 50 years but, and somewhat remarkably, there is
no consensus as to how to quantify individuality in animal signals. While there is a variety of …

Until recently, freshwater turtles were thought to be silent reptiles, neither vocalizing nor
hearing very well. We recorded individuals in nature, captivity, and during interactions …

Sirenian social and reproductive behaviors lack much complexity or diversity. Whereas
sirenians are usually sighted as solitary, or as cows with single calves, aggregations of …

Vocal activity and signal characteristics of mammals are driven by several factors that result
in both stability and plasticity over multiple time scales. All three extant species of manatee …

The African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis) is an elusive, data-deficient, and
endangered species which inhabits marine and freshwater systems throughout Western and …

The vocal repertoire for the Florida manatee is quantitatively categorized from a sample of
1114 calls recorded from 3 different manatee habitats in Florida. First, manatee vocalizations …

Noise can interfere with acoustic communication by masking signals that contain biologically
important information. Communication theory recognizes several ways a sender can modify …

Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus) produce five broadly defined call types (squeaks,
squeals, high squeaks, chirps, squeak‐squeals) but their use in social and nonsocial …

The population sizes of manatees in many regions remain largely unknown, primarily due to
the challenging nature of conducting visual counts in turbid and inaccessible aquatic …