LOUISE B. FIRTH1, ANTONY M. KNIGHTS2, DANIELLE BRIDGER3, ALLY J. EVANS4,
NOVA MIESZKOWSKA5, 6, PIPPA J. MOORE4, NESSA E. O'CONNOR7, EMMA V …

Submarine power cables (SPC) have been in use since the mid-19th century, but
environmental concerns about them are much more recent. With the development of marine …

As the EU's commitment to renewable energy is projected to grow to 20% of energy
generation by 2020, the use of marine renewable energy from wind, wave and tidal …

Artificial Reefs (AR) show a wide diversity and vary in their construction materials, shape
and purpose, as illustrated by the present analysis of 127 scientific papers. AR have been …

Abstract Knowledge of aquaculture–environment interactions is essential for the
development of a sustainable aquaculture industry and efficient marine spatial planning …

Aquaculture is the fastest growing sector of the food industry, raising concerns about the
influence of this activity on the environment. We take a holistic approach to review off-bottom …

A massive development of offshore windmill farms has been planned along the European
coastline. This raises important questions about the possible effects on the marine …

Beneath the coastal waters of the world lie thousands of artificial reefs. Some are old and
retired freighters and ships that once plied the oceans of the world but now serve as habitats …

Artificial reefs in marine environments are in most cases submerged structures consisting of
dumped waste material or specific constructions made with the purpose of enriching the …

Artificial habitats in marine ecosystems are employed on a limited basis to restore degraded
natural habitats and fisheries, and more extensively for a broader variety of purposes …