Observation‐based and modeling studies have identified the Eastern Mediterranean and
Middle East (EMME) region as a prominent climate change hotspot. While several initiatives …

The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased
enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500–2000 papers per year …

Recent studies showed that anomalous dry conditions and limited moisture supply roughly
between 1998 and 2008, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, led to reduced vegetation …

Black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere.
Anthropogenic sources of black carbon, although distributed globally, are most concentrated …

There is increasing evidence that the amount of solar radiation incident at the Earth's surface
is not stable over the years but undergoes significant decadal variations. Here I review the …

The role of evapotranspiration (ET) in the global, continental, regional, and local water
cycles is reviewed. Elevated atmospheric CO2, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit (D) …

A fundamental determinant of climate and life on our planet is the solar radiation (sunlight)
incident at the Earth's surface. Any change in this precious energy source affects our …

Anthropogenic interference with climate occurs primarily through modification of radiative
fluxes in the climate system. Increasing releases of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere …

Chemically active climate compounds are either primary compounds like methane (CH4),
removed by oxidation in the atmosphere, or secondary compounds like ozone (O3), sulfate …

Forest ecosystems across the globe show an increase in ecosystem carbon uptake
efficiency under conditions with high fraction of diffuse radiation. Here, we combine eddy …