Metabolic homeostasis in mammals is tightly regulated by the complementary actions of
insulin and glucagon. The secretion of these hormones from pancreatic β-cells and α-cells …

The incretin system is an essential metabolic axis that regulates postprandial metabolism.
The two incretin peptides that enable this effect are the glucose-dependent insulinotropic …

The incretins glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide
1 (GLP-1) mediate insulin responses that are proportionate to nutrient intake to facilitate …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve glucose homeostasis, reduce
bodyweight, and over time benefit cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

Incretin hormones are gut peptides that are secreted after nutrient intake and stimulate
insulin secretion together with hyperglycaemia. GIP (glucose‐dependent insulinotropic …

GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors), also known as 7 transmembrane domain receptors,
are the largest receptor family in the human genome, with≈ 800 members. GPCRs regulate …

The development of single-molecule co-agonists for the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) …

Uncertainty exists as to whether the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor
(GIPR) should be activated or inhibited for the treatment of obesity. Gipr was recently …

The intra-islet theory states that glucagon secretion is suppressed when insulin secretion is
stimulated, but glucagon's role in intra-islet paracrine regulation is controversial. This study …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are established pharmaceutical
therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the action of GLP-1 to …