Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a term encompassing a group of highly reactive oxygen-
derived molecules. In physiological systems, ROS production exists in concert with …

Redox biological reactions are now accepted to bear the Janus faceted feature of promoting
both physiological signaling responses and pathophysiological cues. Endogenous …

The heme oxygenases, which consist of constitutive and inducible isozymes (HO-1, HO-2),
catalyze the rate-limiting step in the metabolic conversion of heme to the bile pigments (ie …

The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the basal and inducible expression of numerous
detoxifying and antioxidant genes. The cytoplasmic protein Keap1 interacts with Nrf2 and …

A common feature of diverse chemopreventive agents is the ability to activate expression of
a genetic program that protects cells from reactive chemical species that, if left unchecked …

Drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play central roles in the metabolism, elimination and
detoxification of xenobiotics and drugs introduced into the human body. Most of the tissues …

Activation of PERK following the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) promotes translation inhibition and cell cycle arrest. PERK function is …

Antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression and coordinated induction of
antioxidant enzymes is a critical mechanism of protection against chemically induced …

The expression of genes encoding antioxidative and Phase II detoxification enzymes is
induced in cells exposed to electrophilic compounds and phenolic antioxidants. Induction of …

Nrf2, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, is an essential activator of the coordinated
transcription of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and phase II detoxifying enzymes …