T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Specialized subpopulations of CD4+ T cells survey major histocompatibility complex class II–
peptide complexes to control phagosomal infections, help B cells, regulate tissue …

Significant recent progress in understanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has led
to improved treatment and quality of life. The introduction of targeted-biologic and-synthetic …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development,
activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains …

Immune memory—comprising T cells, B cells and plasma cells and their secreted antibodies—
is crucial for human survival. It enables the rapid and effective clearance of a pathogen after …

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, but questions
remain about the nature and kinetics of T cell priming. We performed longitudinal antigen …

A paradigm shift in the understanding of the exhausted CD8+ T cell (Tex) lineage is
underway. Originally thought to be a uniform population that progressively loses effector …

The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or
pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive …

Understanding immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is
crucial to understanding disease pathogenesis and the usefulness of bridge therapies, such …

Several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are being
deployed, but the global need greatly exceeds the supply, and different formulations might …