The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected every aspect of our lives. To
date, experts have acknowledged that airborne transmission is a key piece of the SARS …

Airborne viruses, such as COVID-19, cause pandemics all over the world. Virus-containing
particles produced by infected individuals are suspended in the air for extended periods …

The phenomenon of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) in high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs) is unique in our densely …

A COVID-19 outbreak occurred in May 2020 in a public housing building in Hong Kong–Luk
Chuen House, located in Lek Yuen Estate. The horizontal cluster linked to the index case'flat …

Converging evidence reports that the probability of vertical transmission patterns via shared
drainage systems, may be responsible for the huge contactless community outbreak in high …

The vertical transmission of bioaerosols in building drainage systems is an understudied
route of disease spread. This research examines how the position of drainage floors, flush …

Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of COVID-19 transmissions and their relationships
with the built environment is crucial for effective pandemic prevention. While existing …

This study investigates the potential transmission of viruses through sanitary plumbing
systems, focusing on a small-scale bathroom pilot test and numerical analysis in a hospital …

Multiple COVID-19 outbreaks in high-rise residential buildings have been linked to the
vertical spread of the virus along the building. This study aimed to provide empirical …

Multiple clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong have involved
vertical transmissions in residential buildings, wherein the flats of confirmed cases were …