Bio‐hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that
could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio‐hybrid robots consist of synthetic …

As a full-fidelity simulation of human cells, tissues, organs, and even systems at the
microscopic scale, Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) has significant ethical advantages and …

In the skeletal muscle tissue, cells are organized following an anisotropic architecture, which
is both required during myogenesis when muscle precursor cells fuse to generate myotubes …

The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex set of fibrillar proteins and proteoglycans,
supports the renal parenchyma and provides biomechanical and biochemical cues critical …

Hydrogel microfibers are hydrogel materials engineered into fiber structures. Techniques
such as wet spinning, microfluidic spinning, and 3D bioprinting are often used to prepare …

The urinary system, comprising the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, has a unique
mechanical and fluid microenvironment, which is essential to the urinary system growth and …

The organ-on-chip model offers versatility and modularity of in vitro models while
approaching the biological fidelity of in vivo models. We propose a method to build a …

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which affects around 4 million
patients worldwide, is characterized by the formation of multiple tubule derived cysts, which …

Although multiple intricate and drawn-out in vivo investigations and complex in vitro assays
are carried out as a part of the routine safety screening of drugs, medication failures arising …

Kidney tubular cells are submitted to two distinct mechanical forces generated by the urine
flow: shear stress and hydrostatic pressure. In addition, the mechanical properties of the …