The gut microbiota influences the health of the host, especially with regard to gut immune
homeostasis and the intestinal immune response. In addition to serving as a nutrient …

Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of multiple cancers, including those of the
colon. Inflammation in the gut induces carcinogenic mutagenesis and promotes colorectal …

Metabolic disorders and abnormal immune function changes occur in tumor tissues and
cells to varying degrees. There is increasing evidence that reprogrammed energy …

Kynurenine (KYN), a main metabolite of tryptophan in mammals, is a direct precursor of
kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK). Under physiological …

The tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is frequently
overexpressed in epithelial-derived malignancies, where it plays a recognized role in …

Abstract Treatment of cancers has always been a challenge for physicians. Typically,
several groups of anti-cancer medications are needed for effective management of an …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, going through three different metabolic pathways in
the intestines. Indole pathway in the gut microbiota, serotonin system in the enterochromaffin …

The intestinal flora serves a critical role in the development of hyperuricemia-induced
chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously found that natural flavonol fisetin exhibited …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers resulting from abnormal
metabolism alterations. As one of the essential amino acids, tryptophan has a variety of …

BACKGROUND Gut tryptophan (Trp) metabolites are produced by microbiota and/or host
metabolism. Some of them have been proven to promote or inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) …