Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response
to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …

Given that the PI3K/AKT pathway has manifested its compelling influence on multiple
cellular process, we further review the roles of hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway in …

Nanorobotic manipulation to access subcellular organelles remains unmet due to the
challenge in achieving intracellular controlled propulsion. Intracellular organelles, such as …

Most solid tumor cells adapt to their heterogeneous microenvironment by depending largely
on aerobic glycolysis for energy production, a phenomenon called the Warburg effect, which …

Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production
and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that have essential metabolic activity and are
regarded as signalling hubs with biosynthetic, bioenergetics and signalling functions that …

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis
is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths …

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that plays a housekee** role in eliminating
protein aggregates and organelles and is activated during nutrient deprivation to generate …

Besides molecular and phenotypic variations observed in cancer cells, intratumoral
heterogeneity also occurs in the tumor microenvironment. Correlative stiffness maps of …