The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of
bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial …

The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host
protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues …

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease accompanied by multiple
lesions. The main manifestations include dryness of the mouth and eyes, along with …

Abstract Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and
peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect …

To dissect therapeutic mechanisms of transplanted stem cells and develop exosome-based
nanotherapeutics in treating autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, we assessed …

The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn,
changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder …

Systemic inflammation elicited by sepsis can induce an acute cerebral dysfunction known as
sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Recent evidence suggests that SAE is common …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) where immunopathology is thought to be mediated by myelin-reactive CD4+ T …

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the age of affected patients are increasing
owing to increased longevity of the general population and the availability of effective …