This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic
particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere …

Due to their potential application in earthquake forecasting, seismo-electromagnetic
phenomena were intensively studied for several decades all over the world. At present …

This paper describes the current understanding of the interaction between geospheres from
a complex set of physical and chemical processes under the influence of ionization. The …

Electricity, the interaction between electrically charged objects, is widely known to be
fundamental to the functioning of living systems. However, this appreciation has largely …

The electromagnetic coupling between the seismically activated area and the ionosphere is
considered within the framework of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) conception. First we …

A systems science examination of the Earth's fully interconnected dynamic magnetosphere
is presented. Here the magnetospheric system (aka the magnetosphere–ionosphere …

The global atmospheric electric circuit, which links the space environment with terrestrial
weather, has mostly been investigated using fair-weather surface atmospheric electricity …

Research work on the global electrical circuit (GEC) is reviewed, with an emphasis on the
period since the last International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity (ICAE) in Bei**g …

Bees and flowering plants have a long-standing and remarkable co-evolutionary history.
Flowers and bees evolved traits that enable pollination, a process that is as important to …

When one thinks of airborne organisms, spiders do not usually come to mind. However,
these wingless arthropods have been found 4 km up in the sky [1], dispersing hundreds of …