Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are defined as lymphoid aggregates formed in non-
hematopoietic organs under pathological conditions. Similar to secondary lymphoid organs …

Both B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40 signaling are rewired in germinal center (GC) B cells
(GCBCs) to synergistically induce c-MYC and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) …

There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of
memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse …

Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a major HIV vaccine goal. Germline-
targeting immunogens aim to initiate bnAb induction by activating bnAb germline precursor …

Antibody responses are characterized by increasing affinity and diversity over time. Affinity
maturation occurs in germinal centers by a mechanism that involves repeated cycles of …

Germinal centers (GCs) were described more than 125 years ago as compartments within
secondary lymphoid organs that contained mitotic cells. Since then, it has become clear that …

Germinal center (GC) B cells evolve toward increased affinity by a Darwinian process that
has been studied primarily in genetically restricted, hapten-specific responses. We explored …

The development of an effective vaccine has been hindered by the enormous diversity of
human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) and its ability to escape a myriad of host immune …

A hallmark of adaptive immune responses is the generation of long‐lived protection after
primary exposure to a pathogen. In humoral responses, this protection stems from a …