Ensuring that laboratory rodent pain is well managed underpins the ethical acceptability of
working with these animals in research. Appropriate treatment of pain in laboratory rodents …

The flexion or flexor reflex (FR) recorded in the lower limbs in humans (LLFR) is a widely
investigated neurophysiological tool. It is a polysynaptic and multisegmental spinal …

Circadian rhythms influence most of our life activities, notably getting up and going to sleep
every day. The new edition of this book delves into the mechanisms surrounding how these …

Globally, over 300 million surgical procedures are performed annually, with pain being one
of the most common post-operative side effects. During the onset of injury, acute pain plays …

Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants - Morag, I - 2016 |
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Exogenous melatonin is used in a number of situations, first and foremost in the treatment of
sleep disorders and jet leg. However, the hypnotic, antinociceptive, and anticonvulsant …

The hot plate is a widely used test to assess nociception. The effect of non-nociceptive
factors (weight, sex, activity, habituation, and repeated testing) on hot-plate latency was …

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), secreted by the pineal gland is known to perform
multiple functions including, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancerous …

Background The daily fluctuations of many physiologic and behavioral parameters are
differentially influenced by either central or peripheral clocks in mammals. Since substance …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurological disease that affects millions of
individuals worldwide. Although instability, rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia are considered …