There is a need to better understand the survivorship of discarded fishes, both for
commercial stocks and species of conservation concern. Within European waters, the …

Recent developments in the study of pain in animals have demonstrated the potential for
pain perception in a variety of wholly aquatic species such as molluscs, crustaceans and …

The past decade has seen a profound change in the scientific understanding of
reproduction. The traditional view of reproduction as a joint venture undertaken by two …

The application of a photographic identification methodology using the unique ventral
surface markings (natural spot patterns) of an observed population in southern Mozambique …

Recent studies show that ocean acidification impairs sensory functions and alters the
behavior of teleost fishes. If sharks and other elasmobranchs are similarly affected, this …

This multi-decade study on an isolated and unfished population of manta rays (Manta alfredi
and M. birostris) in the Maldives used individual-based photo-ID records and behavioural …

The species that comprise class Chondrichthyes exhibit a wide diversity of reproductive
strategies, but they all have internal fertilization and a relatively small number of large …

Wound healing is important for sharks from the earliest life stages, for example, as the
'umbilical scar'in viviparous species heals, and throughout adulthood, when sharks can …

Understanding how and why animals are distributed through time and space has always
been a fundamental component of ecology and is an essential prerequisite for effective …

Animals can perceive tourists as predators and will incur fitness costs should their predator-
avoidance behaviours result in forgone resource acquisition. Not all wildlife, however, treat …