The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest rates of cellular turnover in a process that is
tightly regulated. As the transit-amplifying progenitors of the intestinal epithelium generate …

Microbe–host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its
disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn's disease and …

The precise mechanism by which oral infection contributes to the pathogenesis of extra-oral
diseases remains unclear. Here, we report that periodontal inflammation exacerbates gut …

Almost all human diseases are strongly associated with inflammation, and a deep
understanding of the exact mechanism is helpful for treatment. The NLRP3 inflammasome …

Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system
and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many …

The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex that regulates
innate immune responses by activating caspase-1 and the inflammatory cytokines …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of late-onset dementia. AD affects the
health of millions of people in the United States and worldwide. Currently, there are no …

Inflammation is a protective reaction activated in response to detrimental stimuli, such as
dead cells, irritants or pathogens, by the evolutionarily conserved immune system and is …

Lactic acid, a metabolic by-product of host and intestinal microbiota, has been recovered as
an active signal molecule in the immune system. In this study, a lactic acid biosynthesis …

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is induced by abnormal purine metabolism and elevated serum uric
acid (UA) concentrations, and it is often accompanied by inflammatory responses and …