Considerable progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis for
variation in the life‐history patterns of animals, particularly with regard to the roles of …

Context: As a result of increases in life expectancy and decreases in fertility, the proportion
of the population entering later life has increased dramatically in recent decades. When …

The first comprehensive review of all aspects of the biology of moult, drawing information
from across the literature and in all birds, from penguins to passerines. Feathers are …

Migration is one of the most energy-demanding behaviors observed in birds. Mitochondria
are the primary source of energy used to support these long-distance movements, yet how …

Mercury is a global pollutant that has been widely shown to adversely affect reproduction
and other endpoints related to fitness and health in birds, but almost nothing is known about …

Migratory flight requires birds to maintain intensive aerobic exercise for many hours or days.
Maintaining O2 supply to flight muscles is therefore important during migration, especially …

Climate change is causing rapid shifts in temperature while also increasing the frequency,
duration, and intensity of extreme weather. In the northern hemisphere, the spring of 2013 …

Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected
animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected …

The transition to a migratory state involves coordinated changes in physiology and
behaviour. In species with regular, predictable (obligate) migrations, increasing day length …

Aerobic capacity is assumed to be a main predictor of workload ability and haematocrit (Hct)
and haemoglobin (Hb) have been suggested as key determinants of aerobic performance …