Stress responses entail neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral changes to promote
effective co** with real or perceived threats to one's safety. While these responses are …

Women in the reproductive age are more vulnerable to develop affective disorders than
men. This difference may attribute to anatomical differences, hormonal influences and …

Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is altered with stress exposure
and has been implicated in depression. High levels of corticosterone (CORT) suppress …

Animal models of depression seldom test females, even though women are twice as likely
as men to suffer from major depressive disorder. Since female mice are sensitive to social …

Although the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system were regarded as
independent entities, it is now clear that immune system cells can influence the CNS, and …

Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have
evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis …

The present study is aimed at testing the hypothesis that an enriched environment (EE)
induces sex-dependent changes in stress hormone release and in markers of increased …

Major depression is one of the most prevalent stress-related psychiatric diseases. Next to
environmental influences such as chronic social stress, gender is among the strongest risk …

In many species, males tend to have lower parental investment than females and greater
variance in their reproductive success. Males might therefore be expected to adopt more …

Differences in the rate of maternal behaviours received by rodent offspring are associated
with differential programming of molecular and behavioural components of anxiety and …