Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via
perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of …

Thermophoretic micro/nanomotors (MNMs) generate self-propulsion without a chemical
reaction. Intrinsically, this promises excellent biocompatibility and is thus suitable for …

Miniaturized on-chip spectrometers with small footprints, lightweight, and low cost are in
great demand for portable optical sensing, lab-on-chip systems, and so on. Such …

Inorganic photochromic (PC) materials are gaining increasing recognition as promising
candidates for applications in optical storage and information display. However …

Photoreversible color switching systems (PCSSs) exhibiting multi‐color responses to visible
light are favored for sustainable societal development over those relying on ultraviolet light …

Swimming microrobots that are actuated by multiple stimuli/fields display various intriguing
collective behaviors, ranging from phase separation to clustering and giant number …

The manipulation of interactions between light and matter plays a crucial role in the
evolution of organisms and a better life for humans. As a result of natural selection, precise …

To mimic natural photonic crystals having color regulation capacities dynamically
responsive to the surrounding environment, periodic assembly structures have been widely …

The macroscopic properties of a material are predominantly governed by the precise
arrangement of the atoms composing its crystal lattice. Recent research shows that photons …