Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease, classified as group 2 according to
the Dana Point 2008 classification, is believed to be the most common cause of PH and is …

Endothelin (ET) is found to be increased in kidney disease secondary to hyperglycaemia,
hypertension, acidosis, and the presence of insulin or proinflammatory cytokines. In this …

Abstract Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide produced primarily by vascular endothelial cells,
was discovered in 1980 and it was characterized as a powerful vasoconstrictor and mitogen …

Pulmonary vascular resistance is frequently elevated in patients with chronic left ventricular
failure as a result of dysregulation of vascular smooth muscle tone and structural …

First identified as a powerful vasoconstrictor, endothelin has an extremely diverse set of
actions that influence homeostatic mechanisms throughout the body. Two receptor subtypes …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but debilitating disease, which if left
untreated rapidly progresses to right ventricular failure and eventually death. In the quest to …

Endothelin-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor agent currently identified, and it was
originally isolated and characterized from the culture media of aortic endothelial cells. Two …

The last two decades have seen major advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure,
primarily as a result of therapeutic manipulation of activated neurohormonal systems …

The endothelin (ET) system, especially ET-1 and the ETA and ETB receptors, has been
implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Together with …

Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) have been developed to block the effects of
endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a variety of cardiovascular conditions. ET-1 is a powerful …