The importance of reviewing and studying sex-based differences in pharmacologic
parameters is demonstrated by the increasing data on gender variation in drug efficacy and …

The use of chemotherapy to suppress replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
has transformed the face of AIDS in the developed world. Pronounced reductions in illness …

Antiretroviral drugs are associated with a variety of adverse effects on the central and
peripheral nervous systems. The frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric adverse events …

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is an effective antiviral therapy against severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Use is not recommended in patients with end-stage …

Purpose: We have previously demonstrated that ritonavir targeting of glycolysis is growth
inhibitory and cytotoxic in a subset of multiple myeloma cells. In this study, our objective was …

Pills are a cornerstone of medicine but can be challenging to swallow. While liquid
formulations are easier to ingest, they lack the capacity to localize therapeutics with …

The pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors center around the microsomal enzyme
cytochrome P-450 3A4. As a potent inhibitor of this enzyme, ritonavir can increase the …

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can suppress viral replication and
prolong patient life substantially. However, HAART can fail for a number of reasons …

The major burden of the human immunodeficiency (HIV) type 1 pandemic is nowadays
carried by women from sub-Saharan Africa. Differences in the manifestations of HIV-1 …

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been proposed as a means to optimise response to
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV infection. Protease inhibitors (PIs) and the …