As climate change transforms the biosphere, more comprehensive and biologically relevant
measurements of changing conditions are needed. Traditional climate measurements are …

Marine animals equipped with biological and physical electronic sensors have produced
long-term data streams on key marine environmental variables, hydrography, animal …

this atlas consists of a description of data analysis procedures and horizontal maps of
climatological distribution fields of dissolved inorganic nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and …

The ocean is the largest solar energy collector on Earth. The amount of heat it can store is
modulated by its complex circulation, which spans a broad range of spatial scales, from …

World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 1: Temperature Page 1 NOAA Atlas NESDIS 89 WORLD
OCEAN ATLAS 2023 Volume 1: Temperature Silver Spring, MD February 2024 US …

Over 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans; globally, oceans provides a huge
source of wealth to humans. In the literature, several sensors have been developed to …

Offshore Antarctic polynyas—large openings in the winter sea ice cover—are thought to be
maintained by a rapid ventilation of deep-ocean heat through convective mixing. These rare …

A gridded ocean subsurface salinity dataset with global coverage is useful for research on
climate change and its variability. Here, we explore the feed-forward neural network (FFNN) …

Abstract Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) production supplies the deep limb of the global
overturning circulation and ventilates the deep ocean. While the Weddell and Ross Seas are …

The area west of the Kerguelen Islands (20–70° E/45–60° S) is characterized by a weak
mesoscale activity except for a standing meander region of the Antarctic Circumpolar …