Terrestrial plant biomarkers and their carbon isotopes provide insights into carbon cycling,
paleovegetation and paleoclimate, ranging in scale from local to global. Over the past …

During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM),∼ 56 Mya, thousands of
petagrams of carbon were released into the ocean-atmosphere system with attendant …

The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary …

Despite the major importance of soil biota in nutrient and energy fluxes, interactions in soil
food webs are poorly understood. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in …

The assembly of Africa's iconic C4 grassland ecosystems is central to evolutionary
interpretations of many mammal lineages, including hominins. C4 grasses are thought to …

The Cretaceous was one of the most remarkable periods in geological history, with a
“greenhouse” climate and several important geological events. Reconstructions of …

Organic soils in peatlands store a great proportion of the global soil carbon pool and can
lose carbon via the atmosphere due to degradation. In Germany, most of the greenhouse …

Links between tectonics and regional climate have been extensively studied in Asia.
However, despite decades of research, the relative roles of tectonics and global climate in …

The role of savannas during the course of early human evolution has been debated for
nearly a century, in part because of difficulties in characterizing local ecosystems from fossil …

Proxies of past CO2 and climate over the past 300 my now reveal multiple global climate
change events in unprecedented detail. Evidence for past CO2 spikes comes from …