Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common progressive
neurodegenerative disease, develops and progresses for 10–15 years before the clinical …

We hypothesize that Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis can be divided into three
temporal phases. During the first phase,'triggers', such as viral infections or environmental …

Background Although several studies have suggested that abnormalities in gut microbiota
may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD, data are still extremely heterogeneous …

Objective Intestinal inflammation has been suggested to play a role in development of
Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). To test the hypothesis that IBD …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder of the
elderly, presenting primarily with symptoms of motor impairment. The disease is diagnosed …

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after
Alzheimer's disease and is estimated to affect approximately 1–4% of individuals aged over …

Introduction The aggregation of the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is a key
feature in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alpha-syn aggregation has been …

Importance The development of Parkinson disease (PD) may be promoted by exposure to
air pollution. Objective To investigate the potential association between exposure to …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by the presence of intraneuronal
inclusions, termed Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, whose main component is alpha …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease attributed
to the synergistic effects of genetic risk and environmental stimuli. Although PD is …