The bacteria cell envelope is a complex multilayered structure that serves to protect these
organisms from their unpredictable and often hostile environment. The cell envelopes of …

Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer,
the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in …

The past 20 years have seen enormous progress in the understanding of the mechanisms
used by the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli to promote protein folding, support protein …

β Barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) cluster into supramolecular assemblies that give
function to the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. How such assemblies form …

Integral membrane proteins come in two types, α-helical and β-barrel proteins. In both types,
all hydrogen bonding donors and acceptors of the polypeptide backbone are completely …

Collective antibiotic drug resistance is a global threat, especially with respect to Gram-
negative bacteria. The low permeability of the bacterial outer cell wall has been identified as …

This review describes the recent knowledge about tightly bound lipids in membrane protein
structures and deduces general principles of the binding interactions. Bound lipids are …

Among proteases or proteinases, the endopeptidases account for a significant proportion (∼
2%) of the human genome with over 550 defined members and a further 100 or so predicted …

Bacterial biofilms represent multicellular communities embedded in a matrix of extracellular
polymeric substances, conveying increased resistance against environmental stress factors …

Beta-barrel membrane proteins occur in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria,
mitochondria and chloroplasts. The membrane-spanning sequences of β-barrel membrane …