Methods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and
in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine …

Managed honey bees are the most important commercial pollinators of those crops which
depend on animal pollination for reproduction and which account for 35% of the global food …

The relative effect of parasite levels, bee population size, and food reserves on winter
mortality and post winter populations of honey bee colonies was estimated. More than 400 …

A variety of methods are used in honey bee research and differ depending on the level at
which the research is conducted. On an individual level, the handling of individual honey …

In this review, relevant data is presented on an emerging disease of the 21th century in
European countries, caused by Nosema ceranae. Within a few years after it was detected in …

The microsporidium Nosema ceranae is a newly prevalent parasite of the European honey
bee (Apis mellifera). Although this parasite is presently spreading across the world into its …

The worldwide beekee** sector has been facing a grave threat, with losses up to 100–
1000 times greater than those previously reported. Despite the scale of this honey bee …

Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis are two fungal pathogens belonging to the phylum
Microsporidia and infecting the European honeybee, Apis mellifera. Recent studies have …

Nosema ceranae is an emergent and potentially virulent pathogen of the honey bee (Apis
meiiiferai) that has spread across the world in the last 10 or so years. Its precise origin and …

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, was first reported in Canada in
1989 (McElheran, 1990), but slowly spread to most beekee** regions in the country by …