Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is vital for maintaining brain homeostasis by enabling an
exquisite control of exchange of compounds between the blood and the brain parenchyma …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse
functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases …

The vascular blood–brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and
brain. Its primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of …

ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human
polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of …

The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's
disease, is abundantly expressed in both the brain and periphery. Here, we present …

The blood–brain barrier is playing a critical role in controlling the influx and efflux of
biological substances essential for the brain's metabolic activity as well as neuronal function …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder seen in age-
dependent dementia. There is currently no effective treatment for AD, which may be …

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is commonly caused by vascular
injuries in cerebral large and small vessels and is a key driver of age-related cognitive …

Vascular contributions to dementia and Alzheimer's disease are increasingly recognized,,,,–.
Recent studies have suggested that breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an early …