We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates
cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models …

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is essential for normal brain function. The mammalian
brain has evolved a unique mechanism for CBF control known as neurovascular coupling …

The advent of neuroimaging has increased our understanding of brain function. While most
brain-wide functional imaging modalities exploit neurovascular coupling to map brain …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a unique view of the working
human mind. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, detected in fMRI, reflects …

Summary Ultra-slow,∼ 0.1-Hz variations in the oxygenation level of brain blood are widely
used as an fMRI-based surrogate of" resting-state" neuronal activity. The temporal …

Although modern techniques such as two-photon microscopy can now provide cellular-level
three-dimensional imaging of the intact living brain, the speed and fields of view of these …

Functional hyperemia, a regional increase of blood flow triggered by local neural activation,
is used to map brain activity in health and disease. However, the spatial-temporal dynamics …

Background The functional modulation of blood flow in the brain is critical for brain health
and is the basis of contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging. There is evident …

Smooth muscle cells and pericytes, together called mural cells, coordinate many distinct
vascular functions. Canonically, smooth muscle cells are ring-shaped and cover arterioles …

Human intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings are primarily performed in epileptic patients for
presurgical map**. When patients perform cognitive tasks, iEEG signals reveal high …