Natural and anthropogenic causes are continually growing sources of metals in the
ecosystem; hence, heavy metal (HM) accumulation has become a primary environmental …

Heavy metal accumulation in soil has been rapidly increased due to various natural
processes and anthropogenic (industrial) activities. As heavy metals are non-biodegradable …

Rapid industrialisation, increased rate of waste production, higher agricultural inputs,
mining, industrial waste, and contaminated irrigation water are increasing the heavy metal …

Nickel (Ni) is becoming a toxic pollutant in agricultural environments. Due to its diverse uses
from a range of common household items to industrial applications, it is essential to examine …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

The functions of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine in
plants are discussed. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in redox systems in cells and various …

Toxic trace metals are ecotoxic due to their high bioaccumulation and toxicity, acting as
abiotic stress agents, causing oxidative damage to the plant cells. Plants can recognize …

Most of the heavy metals (HMs), and metals/metalloids are released into the nature either by
natural phenomenon or anthropogenic activities. Being sessile organisms, plants are …

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals. Unfortunately, deficiency of Zn
in humans has increased on a global scale. The main reason of this micronutrient deficiency …

The term “hyperaccumulator” describes a number of plants that belong to distantly related
families, but share the ability to grow on metalliferous soils and to accumulate extraordinarily …