Simple Summary PI3K signaling pathway plays an essential role in many cellular processes
and is frequently altered in breast cancer, leading to increased tumor growth and reduced …

Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in various human cancers and
has been considered a promising therapeutic target. Many of the positive regulators of the …

The 3 human RAS genes, KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS, encode 4 different RAS proteins which
belong to the protein family of small GTPases that function as binary molecular switches …

The central role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in tumour cell biology has
prompted a sizeable effort to target PI3K and/or downstream kinases such as AKT and …

Autophagy, originally found in liver experiments, is a cellular process that degrades
damaged organelle or protein aggregation. This process frees cells from various stress …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein
kinase, controls cell growth in response to nutrients and growth factors and is frequently …

Lipid phosphoinositides play fundamental roles in virtually all pathways that control a cell's
decision to grow, move, divide, and die. Because of this, kinases that phosphorylate …

Over the past two decades, our understanding of phospoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) has
progressed from the identification of an enzymatic activity associated with growth factors …

Dual-targeting/Multi-targeting of oncoproteins by a single drug molecule represents an
efficient, logical and alternative approach to drug combinations. An increasing interest in this …

RAS proteins are small GTPases known for their involvement in oncogenesis: around 25%
of human tumors present mutations in a member of this family. RAS operates in a complex …