Depression is a highly common mental disorder, which is often multifactorial with sex,
genetic, environmental, and/or psychological causes. Recent advancements in biomedical …

Background Patients with major depression respond to antidepressant treatment, but 10%–
30% of them do not improve or show a partial response coupled with functional impairment …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that commensal bacteria consumption has the
potential to have a positive impact on stress‐related psychiatric disorders. However, the …

Extensive studies showed that monoaminergic neurotransmission that involves serotonin (5-
HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) exerts major influence on brain circuits …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disease affecting one out of five
individuals and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Presently, MDD is considered a …

Due to the clinical and etiological heterogeneity of major depressive disorder, it has been
difficult to elucidate its pathophysiology. Current neurobiological theories with the most valid …

This review of major depressive disorder is a comprehensive account of the genetic,
biochemical, and neurophysiological changes that have been implicated in the disorder. No …

All available antidepressant medications are based on serendipitous discoveries of the
clinical efficacy of two classes of antidepressants more than 50 years ago. These tricyclic …

We test the possibility that political attitudes and behaviors are the result of both
environmental and genetic factors. Employing standard methodological approaches in …

Psychiatry has proven to be among the least penetrable clinical disciplines for the
development of satisfactory in vivo model systems for evaluating novel treatment …