Layered intrusions are fossilized natural laboratories that historically have constrained many
fundamental principles of igneous petrology. Layered intrusions are typically stratiform …

The controversy over the origin of massive chromitites in layered intrusions has recently
become more contentious than ever before. At issue is whether they are produced via …

Fertility and longevity of hydrothermal systems are key parameters required to improve our
ability in predicting new deposits and directly extracting metals from metalliferous fluids …

Crystal clusters are common in both extrusive and plutonic rocks, but the mechanisms by
which they form are not well-constrained. Following a consideration of the physics of …

Abstract The Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex of South Africa is a vast
layered accumulation of mafic and ultramafic rocks. It has long been regarded as a textbook …

The classical paradigm of the 'big magma tank'chambers in which the melt differentiates, is
replenished, and occasionally feeds the overlying volcanos has recently been challenged …

Abstract Noble metals (NMs) in Earth's magmatic systems are thought to be controlled
entirely by their strong partitioning to sulfide liquids. This chemical equilibrium is at the root …

Crystals are direct witnesses of intricate journeys of magma transfer and storage through
Earth's mantle and crust. Crystals thus provide windows into processes that are physically …

In physical sciences such as chemistry and earth sciences, specifically for characterization
of minerals in a rock, automated, objective map** methods based on elemental analysis …

Continental flood basalts intruded and erupted millions of km3 of magma over∼ 1–5 Ma.
Previous work proposed the presence of large (–106 km3) crustal magma reservoirs to feed …