Background Several recent observational studies have reported that gut microbiota
composition is associated with preeclampsia. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota …

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is
aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at …

With the increasing availability of large-scale GWAS summary data on various traits,
Mendelian randomization (MR) has become commonly used to infer causality between a …

Background Considerable evidence has been reported that tobacco use could cause
alterations in gut microbiota composition. The microbiota-gut–brain axis also in turn hinted at …

Objective: Observational studies have shown the association between iron status and
osteoarthritis (OA). However, due to difficulties of determining sequential temporality, their …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex hereditary condition comprising various metabolic
traits as risk factors. Although the genetics of individual MetS components have been …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful tool for causal inference with observational
genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data. Compared to the more commonly …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an increasingly popular component of an epidemiologist's
toolkit, used to provide evidence of a causal effect of one trait (an exposure, eg, body mass …

Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) to
investigate causal relationships between traits. Unlike conventional MR, cis-MR focuses on …

Background Observational studies have demonstrated an association between gut
microbiota and myasthenia gravis; however, the causal relationship between the two still …