Recognition of the natural abundance and functional importance of intrinsically disordered
proteins (IDPs), and protein hybrids that contain both intrinsically disordered protein regions …

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions fail to form a stable structure, yet
they exhibit biological activities. Their mobile flexibility and structural instability are encoded …

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is the activating kinase for
multiple downstream kinases, including CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), CaM-kinase IV (CaMKIV) …

Research of a past decade and a half leaves no doubt that complete understanding of
protein functionality requires close consideration of the fact that many functional proteins do …

Calcium ions (Ca 2+) impact nearly every aspect of cellular life. This review examines the
principles of Ca 2+ signaling, from changes in protein conformations driven by Ca 2+ to the …

Proteins can exist in a trinity of structures: the ordered state, the molten globule, and the
random coil. The five following examples suggest that native protein structure can …

Calmodulin is the best studied and prototypical example of the E–F-hand family of Ca 2+-
sensing proteins. Changes in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration regulate calmodulin in three …

The dominant view of protein structure-function is that an amino acid sequence specifies a
three-dimensional (3-D) structure that is a prerequisite for protein function. In contrast, many …

Evolvability is an organism's capacity to generate heritable phenotypic variation. Metazoan
evolution is marked by great morphological and physiological diversification, although the …

Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a family of broad substrate
specificity serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases widely expressed in many tissues that …