Measurement invariance in the social sciences: Historical development, methodological challenges, state of the art, and future perspectives

H Leitgöb, D Seddig, T Asparouhov, D Behr… - Social science …, 2023 - Elsevier
This review summarizes the current state of the art of statistical and (survey) methodological
research on measurement (non) invariance, which is considered a core challenge for the …

Why full, partial, or approximate measurement invariance are not a prerequisite for meaningful and valid group comparisons

A Robitzsch, O Lüdtke - Structural Equation Modeling: A …, 2023 - Taylor & Francis
It is frequently stated in the literature that measurement invariance is a prerequisite for the
comparison of group means or standard deviations of the latent variable in factor models …

Revolutionizing education: Artificial intelligence empowered learning in higher education

HU Rahiman, R Kodikal - Cogent Education, 2024 - Taylor & Francis
Global businesses are actively embracing Industry 4.0 and digital transformation.
Simultaneously, the education sector is leveraging digital tools to foster personalized …

New developments in measurement invariance testing: An overview and comparison of EFA-based approaches

P Sterner, K De Roover, D Goretzko - Structural Equation Modeling …, 2025 - Taylor & Francis
When comparing relations and means of latent variables, it is important to establish
measurement invariance (MI). Most methods to assess MI are based on confirmatory factor …

Methodological research and model development on structural equation models in China's mainland from 2001 to 2020

Y WANG, Z WEN, W LI, J FANG - Advances in Psychological …, 2022 - journal.psych.ac.cn
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an important statistical method in social science
research. In the first two decades of the 21st century, great progress has been made in …

The necessity of testing measurement invariance in cross-cultural research: Potential bias in cross-cultural comparisons with individualism–collectivism self-report …

D Lacko, J Čeněk, J Točík, A Avsec… - Cross-Cultural …, 2022 - journals.sagepub.com
Individualism and collectivism are some of the most widely applied concepts in cultural and
cross-cultural research. They are commonly applied by scholars who use arithmetic means …

Why measurement invariance is not necessary for valid group comparisons

A Robitzsch, O Lüdtke - 2022 - osf.io
Measurement invariance is an important topic in the psychometric literature of group
comparison in confirmatory factor analysis. It is frequently stated in the literature that …

Exploratory factor analysis trees: Evaluating measurement invariance between multiple covariates

P Sterner, D Goretzko - Structural Equation Modeling: A …, 2023 - Taylor & Francis
Measurement invariance (MI) describes the equivalence of a construct across groups. To be
able to meaningfully compare latent factor means between groups, it is crucial to establish …

A Causal Framework for the Comparability of Latent Variables

P Sterner, F Pargent, D Deffner… - … Equation Modeling: A …, 2024 - Taylor & Francis
Measurement invariance (MI) describes the equivalence of measurement models of a
construct across groups or time. When comparing latent means, MI is often stated as a …

Finding clusters of groups with measurement invariance: Unraveling intercept non-invariance with mixture multigroup factor analysis

K De Roover - Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary …, 2021 - Taylor & Francis
Comparisons of latent constructs across groups are ubiquitous in behavioral research and,
nowadays, often numerous groups are involved. Measurement invariance of the constructs …